Investment in the power grid during the 14th Five Year Plan period will tilt towards the distribution network
来源:本站 点击:48 时间:2022-01-13
In the past few years, overall investment in the power grid has been relatively stable. After an increase in power investment in the past two years, it once again surpassed investment in the power grid in 2020.
The "2021 Analysis Report on the Development of Domestic and Foreign Power Grids" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") recently released by State Grid Energy Research Institute shows that China's transmission grid structure continues to strengthen and resource allocation continues to optimize. Along with the continuous strengthening of the backbone network, microgrids and distributed energy systems that rely on distributed new energy generation or optimized utilization of comprehensive energy also have great development potential and will become important ways for on-site consumption and utilization of new energy.
Industry insiders predict that with the implementation of carbon peak and carbon neutrality targets, the installed capacity of renewable energy generation will continue to grow. To support the development of new energy, power grid investment will remain high and tilt towards the distribution network during the 14th Five Year Plan period.
Power grid investment continues to remain high
The report shows that China's power investment exceeded 1 trillion yuan in 2020, reaching 1018.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22.8%. The construction of renewable energy generation continues to grow, significantly driving power investment. In 2020, power investment reached 529.2 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 61.2%, reaching a historical high. In 2020, the investment in the power grid was 489.6 billion yuan, maintaining a high level. With the large-scale development of new energy in the future, the demand for power grid investment and construction will continue to remain high.
Wu Hongliang, Deputy Director of the Energy Development Research Institute of Southern Power Grid, said that in the past decade, there have been significant changes in the investment structure of the power industry. Historically, power investment has always been higher than grid investment. This trend reversed in 2014, when grid investment exceeded power investment for the first time. In the past few years, the overall investment in the power grid has been relatively stable. After the increase in power investment in the past two years, it once again surpassed the investment in the power grid in 2020
According to research by State Grid Energy Research Institute, in 2020, power grid enterprises accelerated the construction of new power systems and continued to strengthen the construction of distribution networks. However, their investment still accounted for the majority of the entire power grid investment, with a structure of 37.9:57.4:4.7 for transmission networks, distribution networks, and other investments. With the increasing proportion of new energy access, the capacity of power grid resource allocation needs to be strengthened. With the construction of a new power system dominated by new energy, distributed power generation will develop rapidly, and it is expected that power grid investment will operate at a high level during the 14th Five Year Plan period.
Overall coordination between the development speed of the power grid and the growth rate of electricity load
According to the reporter's interview, China has formed a power grid pattern in seven major regions: Northeast, North, Northwest, East, Central, Southwest, and South. Among them, a 500 kV main grid structure has been formed in Northeast China, a "two horizontal, three vertical, and one ring network" AC ultra-high voltage main grid structure has been formed in North China, a 750 kV main grid structure has been formed in Northwest China, a 1000 kV high voltage ring network has been formed in East China, the four provinces of Central China have achieved asynchronous interconnection with the Southwest Power Grid, the Sichuan Chongqing power grid has achieved 500 kV interconnection with Tibet, and the South grid has formed the main grid structure for West East power transmission.
The report shows that the growth of transmission line length in China is consistent with the growth of electricity demand, and the development of "source grid load" is relatively balanced and coordinated overall. The construction of the power grid is shifting towards high-quality development, serving diverse user needs, coordinating development and safety, strengthening universal services, and improving efficiency and benefits. In 2020, the length of 35 kV and above transmission lines and the capacity of substations in China increased by 2.5% and 9.66% respectively. The growth rates of electricity sales and maximum electricity load were 4.18% and 12.35%, respectively.
The power grid structure in some areas is still weak, and various challenges and risks such as underground and semi underground substations, cable mixing, etc. still exist. "An anonymous industry insider told reporters that in some cities in China, due to tight land resources and difficulties in demolition, it is difficult to select new transmission channels and substations, and there are problems such as" single supply "and" string supply ". Part of the rural power grid is located at the end of the grid, mainly in a radial network, and the phenomenon of "vine and melon" is serious. "At present, in Xizang, southern Xinjiang, Sichuan and other places, there are still problems such as weak connection between the county power grid and the main grid."
The mutual benefit value of power grid regulation will further emerge
Industry insiders interviewed generally believe that the strong growth momentum of clean energy installed capacity is gradually increasing the pressure of supply-demand balance on the allocation of power grid resources. For the power grid, in order to cooperate with the construction of new energy based power systems and improve the performance and efficiency of the entire power grid, the investment scale needs to continue to expand, "said Wu Hongliang.
In the view of Wang Yaohua, Vice President of State Grid Energy Research Institute, in the near future, cross regional interconnected power grids will mainly play a role in resource allocation. In the long run, as the penetration rate of new energy gradually increases, the value of regulation and mutual assistance of interconnected power grids will become more apparent.
The scale of the national interconnected power grid will gradually expand, with multiple forms of power grids coexisting and integrating, and the ability to optimize resource allocation will continue to improve. The cross provincial transmission and exchange capacity of the national interconnected power grid continues to expand. By 2030 and 2060, the cross regional transmission capacity will be close to 300 million and 600 million kilowatts respectively, and the cross regional transmission capacity will reach about 1.5 trillion and 2.4 trillion kilowatt hours respectively.
"The micro grid and distributed energy system relying on distributed new energy generation or comprehensive energy optimization have great development potential, and will become an important way of local consumption and utilization of new energy." Wang Yaohua said, "In the future, the power system will present a pattern of coordinated development of micro grid, active distribution network, local DC network and other new forms of grid and large grid."
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